控制工程基础！（控制工程基础概念简介！）

控制工程基础！（控制工程基础概念简介！）

控制工程基础概论简介.mp32:43来自LearningYard学苑

控制工程的发展

公元前1400－1100年，中国、埃及和巴比伦相继出现自动计时漏壶，人类产生了最早期的控制思想。

公元100年，亚历山大的希罗发明开闭庙门和分发圣水的自动计时装置。

公元1788年，英国人J.Watt用离心式调速器控制蒸汽机的速度，成为第一次工业革命标志性成就。

l1948年：N. Wiener发表《控制论》，标志经典控制理论基本形成；经典控制理论以传递函数为基础，主要研究单输入—单输出（SISO）系统的分析和控制问题。

1954年：钱学森用英文在美国出版《工程控制论》，首先把控制论推广到工程技术领域。

自动控制系统的基本概念

控制系统的工作原理：

1.检测输出量（被控制量）的实际值

2.将输出量的实际值与给定值（输入量）进行比

较得出偏差；

3.用偏差值产生控制调节作用去消除偏差，使得输出量维持期望的输出。

由于存在输出量反馈，上述系统能在存在无法预计扰动的情况下，自动减少系统的输出量与参考输入量（或者任意变化的希望的状态）之间的偏差，故称之为反馈控制。

显然：反馈控制建立在偏差基础上，其控制方式是“检测偏差再纠正偏差”。

控制理论在机械制造工业中的应用

机电工业是我国最重要的支柱产业之一 ，而传统的机电产品正在向机电一体化（Mechatronics）方向发展。机电一体化产品或系统的显著特点是控制自动化。

机电控制型产品技术含量高，附加值大，在国内外市场上具有很强的竞争优势，形成机电一体化产品发展的主流。当前国内外机电结合型产品，诸如典型的工业机器人，数控机床，自动导引车等都广泛地应用了控制理论。

英语翻译：

Introduction to Basics of Control Engineering

Development of Control Engineering

From 1400 to 1100 BC, automatic timing clepsydra appeared in China, Egypt and Babylon one after another, and mankind produced the earliest thoughts of control.

In 100 AD, Hero of Alexandria invented an automatic timing device for opening and closing temple doors and distributing holy water.

In 1788, the British J. Watt used a centrifugal governor to control the speed of a steam engine, which became a landmark achievement of the first industrial revolution.

l1948: N. Wiener published “Cybernetics”, marking the basic formation of classical control theory; classical control theory is based on transfer function, mainly studying the analysis and control of single-input-single-output (SISO) systems.

1954: Qian Xuesen published “Engineering Cybernetics” in English in the United States, and first extended cybernetics to the field of engineering technology.

Basic concept of automatic control system

The working principle of the control system:

1. Detect the actual value of the output (the controlled quantity)

2. Compare the actual value of the output with the given value (input)

Compare the deviation

3. Use the deviation value to produce a control and adjustment effect to eliminate the deviation, so that the output volume maintains the desired output.

Due to the output feedback, the above system can automatically reduce the deviation between the output of the system and the reference input (or the desired state of any change) in the presence of unpredictable disturbances, so it is called feedback control.

Obviously: the feedback control is based on the deviation, and its control method is “detect the deviation and then correct the deviation”.

Application of Control Theory in Machinery Manufacturing Industry

The electromechanical industry is one of the most important pillar industries in my country, and traditional electromechanical products are developing in the direction of Mechatronics. The salient feature of mechatronics products or systems is control automation.

Electromechanical control products have high technical content and great added value. They have strong competitive advantages in the domestic and foreign markets, forming the mainstream of the development of mechatronics products. At present, domestic and international electromechanical products, such as typical industrial robots, CNC machine tools, and automatic guided vehicles, have widely applied control theory.

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